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An investigation of intestinal pathogens carried by common fly species in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China

LIN Chen, LIU Jun, YU Si-yu, YUAN Yong-ting, LIU Jing-yi, LU Xin-chen, HU Chen-xi, LIU Hong-xia, LIU Han-zhao

Abstract （49）

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Objective To investigate intestinal pathogens carried by common fly species in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, so as to provide scientific evidence for the control of flies and associated infectious diarrhea diseases. Methods In the last ten days of each month from April to November 2021, Musca domestica flies were netted in rural houses and farmers' markets and around restaurants, and Lucilia sericata and Sarcophaga peregrina flies were netted in parks, residential areas, and farmers' markets. The flies collected were frozen for classification and identification. The microfluidic chip V3 for gastrointestinal infection was used to detect pathogens related to infectious diarrhea diseases. Excel 2019 and SPSS 22.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 1 544 M. domestica, 642 L. sericata, and 509 S. peregrina flies were captured. The pathogen detection rates of M. domestica, L. sericata, and S. peregrina were 37.29% (44/118), 67.50% (27/40), and 70.97% (22/31), respectively, which were statistically different ( χ ²=17.936, P<0.001). There were statistical differences in the detection rates of bacteria and viruses between the three fly species ( χ ²=44.547, P<0.001; χ ²=26.519, P<0.001). A total of 11 types of pathogens (six species of bacteria, three species of viruses, and two species of parasites) were detected in M. domestica, mainly including Blastocystis hominis (42.37%), Sapovirus (20.34%), and Cryptosporidium (10.17%). A total of 12 types of pathogens (seven species of bacteria, three species of viruses, and two species of parasites) were detected in L. sericata, mainly including Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC, 18.75%), Astroviruses (13.75%), and Sapovirus (11.25%). A total of 10 types of pathogens (five species of bacteria, three species of viruses, and two species of parasites) were detected in S. peregrina, mainly including STEC (22.22%), Astroviruses (14.81%), and Sapovirus (14.81%). The pathogen detection rate of M. domestica was the lowest in Pudong New Area. The pathogens carried by M. domestica were different from those carried by the other two species. Conclusions The common fly species in Pudong New Area carried a variety of intestinal diarrhea diseases-associated pathogens, and the species of pathogens differed in different fly species. Environmental management should be strengthened and scientific fly control strategies should be formulated.

2023, 34 (5): 691-696. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.019

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Current status of vector control in medical institutions in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China

LIU Han-zhao, FENG Lei, LIN Chen, LIU Jun, GU Ying-pei, LIU Hong-xia

Abstract （302）

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Objective To investigate the current status of vector control in medical institutions in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, and to provide evidence for effective supervision, the surveillance, and control. Methods Data capture and on-site investigation were combined to collect logs and commission contracts about vector control in medical institutions, examined the control measures and expenditure of funds, and investigated mosquito breeding, fly-proof and rodent-proof facilities, and cockroach infestation in the field according to national standards. Results The implementation rates of vector control in community hospitals and secondary/tertiary hospitals were 70.21% (33/47) and 100% (16/16), respectively. Among the 33 community hospitals conducting vector control measures, the work was self-funded in 22 (66.67%) hospitals, and was financed by the Patriotic Health Campaign Committee of sub-districts/towns in the remaining 11 (33.33%) hospitals. The container index was significantly higher in community hospitals than in secondary/tertiary hospitals (10.06% vs 3.70%, χ ²=5.435, P<0.05). There were significant differences between community hospitals and secondary/tertiary hospitals in terms of the pass rate of fly-proof facilities (33.06% vs 50.00%, χ ²=5.674, P<0.05), the pass rate of rodent-proof facilities (75.76% vs 93.09%, χ ²=39.532, P<0.01), and the infestation rate of cockroaches (4.60%[68/1479] vs 1.00%[4/398], χ ²=10.973, P<0.01). Conclusion The implementation rate of vector control in community hospitals is relatively low, needing strengthened supervision. The relatively low pass rates of fly-proof and rodent-proof facilities in medical institutions are a potential threat to normal clinical practice and nosocomial infection control, and medical institutions should pay great attention to them.

2020, 31 (4): 442-445. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.013

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An analysis of the effect of climatic factors on mosquito density in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China

XIE Bo, FENG Lei, GU Ying-pei, SHEN An-mei, LIU Han-zhao, LIU Jun, CAI Feng-zhu

Abstract （308）

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Objective To analyze the trend in the meteorological characteristics of Shanghai, China, and the pattern of changes in mosquito density (surveyed by the labor hour method) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to explore the effect of meteorological factors on mosquito density in Pudong New Area. Methods The single-day meteorological data from March 2011 to November 2015 in Shanghai were collected; meanwhile, the mosquito surveillance data based on the labor hour method in Pudong New Area during the same period were collected. The distributed lag non-linear model was used to determine the effect of meteorological factors on mosquito density index. Results A significant non-linear relationship was found between single-day average temperature and mosquito density index. The number of lag days showed a U-shaped relationship with the effect intensity. The relative ratio value reached a maximum of 2.2 at 32℃. The lag effect achieved a peak within about 3 days, then gradually decreased, and gradually recovered after 10 days. The effect of humidity was similar to that of temperature. The result of wind velocity was contrary to that of temperature and humidity. Conclusion The temperature shows a maximum effect on mosquito density index after 3 lag days, and the humidity has no significant lag effect on mosquito density.

2019, 30 (4): 430-433. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.04.017

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Analysis on an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome from 2013 to 2016 in Yantai, Shandong

LIU Tao, JIANG Mei, XU Xiao-wen, MOU Xiao-dong, LIU Jun, LIU Jing-yu

Abstract （278）

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Objective To investigate the source, transmission route and risk factors of an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control. Methods To investigate the cases'epidemiological history, exposure history, domesticated animals infection status and biological disease vectors. The real-time PCR and double antigen sandwich test were applied for pathogen detection Results Four clustered outbreaks which occurred in rural areas involved two in Penglai city, one in Haiyang city and Qixia city from 2013 to 2016. These clustered outbreak involved 17 cases. There were 11 male and 6 female cases. Four cluster outbreak reason was divided into two kinds. One was direct contact with confirmed cases and another was exposed to the suspicious external environment. Conclusion Medical staff need training for hospital infection control and strengthened health education. Family members should strengthen the personal protection and avoid contacting with the patient's blood or secretions. The human body of death case needs to be processed properly. The close follow up should be carried out, environmental management and tick control should be implemented as needed.

2018, 29 (5): 511-513. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.024

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Analysis of current situation of plague vectors in Meriones unguiculatus plague foci on Inner Mongolian Plateau

LI Bao-rong, SHI Gao, LIU Jun

Abstract （375）

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Objective To investigate the current situation of plague vectors in the Meriones unguiculatus plague foci on the Inner Mongolian Plateau and to provide a basis for scientific control of M. unguiculatus plague. Methods The 2000-2011 data on plague vectors in the M. unguiculatus plague foci on the Inner Mongolian Plateau were collected and then subjected to statistical analysis. Results In 2000-2011, 96 411 fleas (24 040 groups) were detected, including 1657 positive fleas (533 positive groups), with a positive rate of 1.72% (group positive rate, 2.22%). Conclusion Animal plague is prevalent in the M. unguiculatus plague foci on the Inner Mongolian Plateau, which is one of the animal plague-affected areas with the highest epidemic strength in China. Flea plays an important role in human plague epidemic in Inner Mongolia. Long-term systemic surveillance should be conducted in the plague foci to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of human plague.

2013, 24 (3): 249-251.

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Infestation and pesticide resistance of cockroaches in market and relevant comprehensive control measures

DENG Li-juan, LIU Di, LIU Xiao-quan, LIU Jun

Abstract （505）

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Objective To investigate the infestation and population distribution of cockroaches in the market and the pesticide resistance of Blattella germanica to provide a basis for comprehensive control measures. Methods The infestation of cockroaches was investigated by visual inspection; the density of cockroaches was measured by cockroach glue board; the pesticide resistance of B. germanica was determined by residual film method. The pesticides to which the cockroaches were sensitive were used for comprehensive control. Results The infestation rate of cockroaches in the market was 86.67%, and the density was 4.19 cockroaches/board/night. The levels of resistance (folds) of B. germanica to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur, chlorpyrifos, dimethyl dichloroviny phosphate (DDVP), cypermethrin, permethrin, tetramethrin, and azamethiphos were 2.65, 3.82, 1.77, 3.51, 11.19, 5.21, 6.51, 12.00, and 2.11, respectively. The pesticides to which the cockroaches were sensitive and developed low resistance achieved a killing rate of 96.19%. Conclusion There is a high infestation rate of cockroaches in the market of Wuhan city, China. B. germanica is the dominant species of the cockroaches and has developed high resistance to DDVP and tetramethrin. Comprehensive control measures, including environmental treatment and pesticide use, should be taken to control the density of cockroaches below a harmless level.

2013, 24 (1): 67-68,71.

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Vector investigation in Beichuan county of Sichuan earthquake-stricken areas in 2009

ZHENG Xing-fu, TAN Gang, SHU Ya, SHI Ying-hong, LIU Jun-ling

Abstract （670）

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2011, 22 (6): 606-606,610.

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Fleas and the epidemiology of plague in Inner Mongolia, China

LIU Jun, WANG Jian-jun, YANG Xiu-feng

Abstract （906）

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Objective To determine the species of fleas infected with Yersinia pestis in the plague foci in Inner Mongolia and analyze the role of fleas in the epidemiology of plague. Methods Data on the species and location of infected fleas in this area were collected from the epidemiological surveillance in past years. Results Y. pestis were found from 30 out of 122 subspecies in Inner Mongolia. Conclusion The major vector fleas from three of the four foci in this area are able to carry the infection, and almost all minor fleas have been infected.

2011, 22 (6): 576-578.

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Case analysis of female tea workers infected by Ixodes

SHU Ya, LIU Ping, HUANG Zheng-zheng, GUO Yi, LIU Jun-ling, YANG Chen

Abstract （682）

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2011, 22 (3): 250-250.

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Investigation on resistance of Blattella germanica against seven kinds of insecticides in different entironment in Wuhan

DENG Li-Juan, ZHANG La-Mei, ZHOU Liang-Cai, TIAN Jun-Hua, LIU Xiao-Quan, LIU Jun

Abstract （1705）

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Objective To evaluate the resistance of Blattella germanica against seven kinds of commonly used insecticides, providing scientific basis for appropriate application of insecticides. Methods The residual contact method was used to determine the resistance. Results The average resistance of seven wild B. germanica strains in Wuhan against beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, propoxur, chlorpyrifos, DDVP, cypermethrin, and permethrin was 2.6-7.7, 3.3-10.7, 1.1-2.0, 2.9-3.8, 2.5-11.2, 3.5-5.3, and 4.0-6.4 times that of susceptible strain, respectively. Conclusion Seven wild B. germanica strains have developed different degrees of resistance to five kinds of insecticides, yet susceptible to propoxur. Domestic strains have developed strong resistance against deltamethrin, and those collected from fair trade markets have been highly resistant to DDVP.

2010, 21 (1): 70-72.

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Lists of the main hosts and parasitic fleas in plague natural foci of Inner Mongolia

YANG Xiu-Feng, LIU Jun, WANG Jian-Jun

Abstract （1132）

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【Abstract】 Study the main hosts and parasitic fleas in 4 kinds of plague natural foci by analyzing the flea samples and the references in the Inner Mongolia. The result showed that there were many parasitic fleas in the bodies of main hosts, but only few could transmit plague. Up to now, no Yersinia pestis was found in parasitic fleas except it was found in Marmota sibirica from Hulun Buir plateau in 1923. However, Y. pestis could be found in many kinds of parasitic fleas from other natural foci.

2009, 20 (6): 580-582.

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A type locality of new fleas (subspecies) in the Inner Mongolia

LI Bao-Rong, SHI Gao, LIU Jun

Abstract （577）

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2009, 20 (2): 144-.

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An epidemiological analysis on leptospirosis in Yichang city from 1997 to 2006

YANG Xiao-bing; XU Yong; PENG Lei; HE Yuan-yuan; WEI Wei; LIU Jun; YAN Wei-rong

Abstract （1130）

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Objective To provide the measures for disease control and prevention through the analysis of leptospirosis in Yichang from 1997 to 2006. Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of leptospirosis and to understand the epidemiological characters. Results There were 526 cases of leptospirosis, 18 of which were died and the annual incidence was 1.32/lakh in Yichang from 1997 to 2006. The high-risk group was the males aged from 20 to 50 years old, especially the peasants. And the peak periods were August and September, while there were different incidence in different zones and the highest was Zhijiang. Conclusion The incidence trend of leptospirosis was generally downward in Yichang from 1997 to 2006. However, it should continually strengthen surveillance to avoid outbreak of the rain-water-type and flood-type leptospirosis caused by bad weather. And it was important for the control and prevention of leptospirosis to enforce deratization and enhance the susceptible herd immunity by vaccination.

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The Obseravations on Biting and Blood-sucking Abilities of Three Species of Plague Vector Fleas on the Forearms of Mankind

Liu Jun;et al

Abstract （859）

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Nosopsyllus-1aeviceps kuzenkovi,Frontopsylla luclenta and Amphjpsylla prim aris are plague vector fleas. To observe the biting and blood-sucking abilities of these three species fleas on mankind,the tests were carried out under the laboratory condition. Test results showed that the highest percentage of blood sucking was for N. laeuiceps kuzenkovi then for F. luculenta and the lowest for A. primaris.of all these three species of fleas have the biting and blood-sucking abilities on mankind,especially when the fleas are confined on the forearms of mankind,the blood-sucking percentage of female and male were 92.31% and 96.36% for N. 1. k., 66.07% and 59.26% for F.1.,4.84% and 3.30% for A.prespectively These abiliti esof fleas have an important significance fore understanding the possibility of the plague transmission from nature to mankinds.

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Study on determining crystal protein Content of Bacillus thuringiensis by ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Liu Jun;Xu Bozhao

Abstract （710）

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The crystal protein content of B. thuringiensis(strain-187)was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and its corresponding titration has been compared with that by routine bioassay technique. (According to determing their titration unit against insect were estimated.) The results showed that the datum from two of the techniques were very close, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry is more simple, quicker and practical than the others.